There are lots of participants in the spread of mis/disinformation (collectively referred to as BS from now on). Of those within the United States, many are protected by free speech. Many profit from doing it (financially and/or electorally) and are thus strongly disincentivized to ever stop.Are they misinformed because of disinformation campaigns online, biases in mainstream and alternative media, or prejudices that influence what they are taught at these schools? The answer is probably all of the above.
How do we fix this? I don’t agree with those who advocate for censorship, a thought police or the equivalent of reeducation camps(Those people are beyond help). Nevertheless, I have not heard a sensible solution from any politician, government agency or private organization to this very serious issue.
And a great deal of BS comes from sources external to the United States. In many cases from sources who wish to do harm to the US and to US interests around the world.
We (the United States) have little or no control and little or no authority to force relevant changes on most of the above participants. But on the far end of the participant list are the tens of millions of individuals who knowingly or unknowingly absorb tons of BS and proceed to spread it virally through social media.
In most instances, all those individuals are not acting in their own best interest by engaging in this behavior. They neither profit nor benefit from it. It's just a really bad habit that has been strongly encouraged by incredibly effective modern marketing techniques employed by those entities that do profit or benefit.
Turns out, one of the most resonant, most dangerous disinformational BS messages combines the power of tribalism with the power of false belief in one's superiority using . That message is: "only the other guys are being misled, you're smarter than that". People *really* want to believe that. But it's arguably the worst of all the BS out there, the great lie, because it discourages people from questioning their chosen information sources in any meaningful way.
Given all that, I think any solution must focus on individuals. Because it's individuals turning the BS viral. And it's individuals who benefit from NOT participating in the spread of BS. Individuals are actually strongly incentivized to change their behavior (even though they don't realize it and will typically disagree vehemently).
TBH, I'm not sure we can convince people who've been caught up in this for so long. Current generations may be a lost cause.
But we can encourage skepticism and information-verification starting at very young ages in our schools, weaving it deeply into the curriculum. We can produce new generations of skeptics who are much more narrative-resistant, much better armed against all the entities trying to force BS on them, much more capable of objective thought.
The problem is that a lot of entities would fight any such curriculum. Religions, for example, would not be overly fond of training young minds to insist upon proof in all things, proof being the enemy of faith. Parents do not really want their kids questioning what the parents say. And producing skeptics acts as an antipattern with respect to producing compliant patriotic citizens.
Those things need to balanced somehow, and I'm not really sure how to do it.