George Martin has stated that the 100 year war is some of the basis for GOT.
See below to draw conclusions to the end of the story - it appears that "the North is an allusion to the British Isles.
from wikipedia
The
Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the
House of Plantagenet, rulers of the
Kingdom of England, against the
House of Valois, rulers of the
Kingdom of France, over the
succession to the French throne. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the
Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in
Western Europe. The war marked both the height of
chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of strong
national identities in both countries.
After the
Norman Conquest, the kings of England were
vassals of the
kings of France for their possessions in France. The French kings had endeavored, over the centuries, to reduce these possessions, to the effect that only
Gascony was left to the English. The confiscation or threat of confiscating this
duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power, particularly whenever the English were at war with the
Kingdom of Scotland, an
ally of France.
Through his mother,
Isabella of France,
Edward III of England was the grandson of
Philip IV and nephew of
Charles IV, the last king of the senior line of the
House of Capet. In 1316, a
principle was established denying women succession to the French throne. When Charles IV died in 1328, Isabella, unable to claim the French throne for herself,
claimed it for her son by
proximity of blood to the deceased monarch. The French rejected the claim, maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess. A French count,
Philip of Valois, grandson of
Philip III and nephew of Philip IV, succeeded to the throne. For about nine years (1328–1337), the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne, but the interference of the French king, Philip VI, in Edward III's
war against Scotland prompted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne. Several overwhelming English victories in the war—especially at
Crécy,
Poitiers, and
Agincourt—raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph. However, the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest. Starting in 1429, decisive French victories at
Orléans,
Patay,
Formigny, and
Castillon concluded the war in favour of France, with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent.
Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by
truces: the
Edwardian Era War (1337–1360); the
Caroline War (1369–1389); and the
Lancastrian War (1415–1453). Local conflicts in neighbouring areas, which were contemporarily related to the war, including the
War of the Breton Succession (1341–1364), the
Castilian Civil War (1366–1369), the
War of the Two Peters (1356–1375) in Aragon, and the
1383–85 Crisis in Portugal, were availed by the parties to advance their agendas. Later historians adopted the term "Hundred Years' War" as a historiography
periodization to encompass all of these events, thus constructing the longest military conflict in
European history.
The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors. By its end, feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops, and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies. Although primarily a dynastic conflict, the war gave impetus to ideas of
French and
English nationalism. The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where
heavy cavalry had dominated, and
artillery became important. The war precipitated the creation of the first
standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the
Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare. With respect to the belligerents, in France, civil wars, deadly
epidemics,
famines, and bandit
free-companies of
mercenaries reduced the population drastically. English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture. The dissatisfaction of English nobles, resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings, became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the
Wars of the Roses (1455–1487).