3 inches of rain? Flash flooding? They really botched the forecast last night. Almost a bigger fail than the snowstorms. What the heck happened?
Predicting rainfall amounts from decaying tropical systems, coupled with frontal-focused instability (as opposed to classic low pressure systems), in summer, is subject to much larger errors than predicting snowfall amounts from nor'easters in winter. The rule of thumb for atmospheric energy follows the Arrhenius relationship, where the energy level in the atmosphere roughly doubles for every 10C rise in temperature. That means there is roughly 8x as much energy in a typical summertime system (at ~30C) vs. a wintertime system (at ~0C). Because of that increased energy, the range of outcomes is far wider, meaning the potential for error is far larger, especially areally, i.e., one can often get 2" in one location and very little rain 10-20 miles away, due to impossible to predict random elements.
That's how one can get 5-10" rainfall amounts in major summer storms (especially with any tropical element), while getting 1-2" of rainfall equivalent in the winter (1-2 feet of snow) is usually about the max. Obviously, because of that, the potential for being way off in a forecast in the summer is much greater. The funny thing is, though, most people usually don't give a crap in summer, unless they have outdoor plans, whereas people freak out when the snowfall forecast is off even a bit, lol. By the way, it was clear by early this morning, that the risk for major rain this morning and later this afternoon had greatly decreased.