Two factors that determine the direction of stock prices.
www.cnbc.com
From the article:
Some evidence can be found just looking at the multiple of the S&P 500. The S&P is now trading at 19.6 times 2022 estimates. Historically, it has traded in the 15 to 17 range, but after the Fed began pumping huge amounts of money into the economy in 2009 the multiple slowly expanded, to almost 22 by the early part of 2018, then expanded again after the Fed pumped even more money into the economy following the Covid pandemic. It’s been coming down since that peak.
You can also look at the abnormal market returns.
Every market historian has taken note of the extraordinary run stocks have experienced in the last decade. Since 2009, the S&P 500 has averaged gains of roughly 15% a year, well above the historic returns of roughly 10% a year.
Many traders attribute that 5 percentage point yearly outperformance all or partly to the Fed.
If that is the case — and all or a good part of that excess gain is due to the Fed — than it is reasonable to expect that the Fed withdrawing liquidity and raising rates might account for a future period of sub-normal (below 10%) returns.
While the multiple on the S&P 500 contracted slightly by the end of 2021, it was an enormous rebound in earnings (up 47% for the full year) that powered the S&P’s 27% gain last year.
But expectations for 2022 are far less elevated: a gain of roughly 8%.
That is much closer to the historic earnings growth range of roughly 6%.
How far could the S&P drop? It depends on what your view on the economy, on corporate America’s ability to continue to raise prices in the face of higher costs, and on interest rates.
Maley notes that while rates are still low on an historic basis, the yield on the 10yr note was still below 1.5% in both 2012 and 2016, a time when the S&P was far more reasonably priced, trading at 13x earnings in 2012 and just above 17x in 2016.
“If today’s stock market was going to fall into the middle of that range (assuming the earnings estimates don’t fall like they usually do), the S&P is going to have to fall well below 3,500,” Maley said.